The former player: 'I hoped to continue my rugby career'
Important note: This piece includes details of racially offensive language and behaviour
Ex-England player Luther Burrell claims that going public to reveal racial discrimination in professional rugby brought his career to an early end.
In a June 2022, Burrell characterized racism as being "rife" in the sport, displaying Whatsapp messages and recalling training ground "comments" he had been subject to while representing Newcastle.
At that time 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only elite playing since has been a handful of games with guest team the Barbarians.
"I have definitely had to retire because of what went on," he told media outlets.
"I really hoped to carry on playing, naturally I did. I pursued that, and it collapsed when word came out that there were investigations underway.
"That was challenging - I had to simply come to terms with the outcome and accept that this entire process is a lot more important than me."
A rugby governing body investigation in 2023 found Burrell's claims were accurate "on the balance of probability", but stated it could not collect enough evidence to categorically say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's international games in 2014 and 2015, but was surprisingly excluded for their squad for the 2015 tournament
Burrell revealed to media he also encountered discrimination within the England team environment, during a international career that saw him earn 15 caps after his debut in 2014.
"I have had several distressing experiences within the national team," he said.
"Certain instances of discrimination and some just outdated thinking that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become normalised in team environments, in Burrell's view.
"This is something that has been dressed up as humour and that's been the issue that I've personally suffered and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"Over a period of time you just learn to think that it's the standard and that is fine and that it's not malicious, but that's nonsense."
Burrell says he was eventually spurred to speak out after a fellow player at Newcastle called him as a "enslaved person" and told him to put sun cream on his arms and legs "where chains would be placed."
The rugby authority said Burrell's disclosures had led to "increased scrutiny at the culture within the professional level and to the introduction of an strategy for the professional game."
"The organization has given considerable attention on inclusion and inclusion in the sport and a great deal of work undertaken both prior and since Luther Burrell came forward and shared his experiences of racism and class discrimination," it continued.
"We are ongoing work with clubs and stakeholders in the elite level to strive for a culture of acceptance but acknowledge this takes time and is an continuous effort."
Every Premiership and PWR club now has face-to-face education on building welcoming environments, with its effectiveness tracked via individual reports and feedback.
All England players, including age-grade squads, are educated in being "active bystanders" to intervene and protect others from harmful conduct.
"You be so proud of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the documentary Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"We know it has had this impact on you and finished your career, but in our eyes, you have done so well. We are so proud of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's father Geoff passed away shortly after the production of the film, and his sibling passed away recently.
Burrell, who grew up on a council estate in Huddersfield, maintains his work to make the sport more open.
His 12 Foundation aims to reach young people in disadvantaged communities and support them thrive both on the pitch with free sports training, guidance and nutrition education.
"My intentions are pure, I want to see the progress of the sport and if nobody else is prepared to tell their experience then I'll continue to fight that cause because I'm not just pursuing this for my own benefit," he said.
"We have an obligation to make the game as excellent as it can be and the more I speak about it hopefully the more confident others will become about sharing their personal experiences as well.
"I grab the challenge by the opportunity and keep bearing this banner and keep supporting this responsibility and accomplish what I can to develop opportunities and make the game more appealing and more welcoming.
"There are a lot of disadvantaged young people and a lot of economic hardship and I sincerely think that the sport has the potential to transform their futures, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a return to previous team Northampton in November 2022